前胡族花粉外壁超微结构及其系统学意义(英文)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of pollen grains of 18 species belongingto 18 respective genera of the tribe Peucedaneae Drude revealed distinct ultrastructural difference in thepollen exine, including the thickness and features of rectum, columnar layer, foot layer and endexine. Thesystematic position of those 18 species are re-evaluated based on their ultrastructural characteristics ofpollen exine observed in this study. Seven genera related to Angelica L. in Angelicinae Drude have beendeduced to genus Angelica L. For example, Osterfcum grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitagawa was changed toAngelica L. by some authors, but it differs from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels in having well developedtectum which is thicker than the columnar layer and foot layer. Its columnar layer is quite well-developedwith long and branched columellae. Besides its surface is tuberculated. Evidently, its development exceedsthat of Angelica sinensis. However, it is only a moderate evolutional species in its genus, and the Angelicasinensis accounts as the most advanced species in Angelica Diels, thus, placing genus Ostencum Hoffm.in Angelica L is not suitable, it may be more appropriate to keep its original position. In addition, Ferulaakitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex K.-Pol. differs greatly from those of Talassia transiliensis (Herd.) Korov. andSchumannia turcomnnia Kuntze, because of its very well-developed columnar layer, being about four tofive times thicker than the total of tectum and foot layer, tuberculated tectum surface and complicatedstructure of columnellae. As another species Heracleum forrestJ‘iWolff also differs from Semenovia rubtzovii(Schischk.) Monden. in having an even thickness of exine and well-developed columnar layer, it seemssuitable that they should also be treated as two independent genera.     

香豆素的^1H—NMR检测及其在阿魏亚族化学分类中的应用

利用１ＨＮＭＲ法检测中国阿魏亚族（ＦｅｒｕｌｉｎｅａｅＤｒｕｄｅ）８属２７种３变种根部乙醚提取物的香豆素成分类型,其中主要为线型二氢呋喃型香豆素（Ⅰ）和角型二氢吡喃型香豆素（Ⅳ）,线型二氢吡喃型香豆素（Ⅲ）和角型二氢呋喃型香豆素（Ⅱ）较少。据此,将８属分成４类：（１）阿魏属（ＦｅｒｕｌａＬ．）、球根阿魏属（ＳｃｈｕｍａｎｎｉａＫｕｎｔｚｅ）、簇花芹属（ＳｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓＬｅｄｅｂ．）和伊犁芹属（ＴａｌａｓｉａＫｏｒｏｖ．）未测出（不含）香豆素;（２）弓翅芹属（ＡｒｃｕａｔｏｐｔｅｒｕｓＳｈｅｈｅｔＳｈａｎ）和川明参属（ＣｈｕａｎｍｉｎｓｈｅｎＳｈｅｈｅｔＳｈａｎ）含Ⅰ类;（３）胀果芹属（ＰｈｌｏｊｏｄｉｃａｒｐｕｓＴｕｒｃｚ．ｅｘＢｅｓ．）含Ⅳ类;（４）前胡属（ＰｅｕｃｅｄａｎｕｍＬ．）含Ⅰ类和Ⅳ类。上述结果支持将球根阿魏、簇花芹和伊犁芹３个属并入阿魏属,另３个寡种属与前胡属关系最密切。所分析的前胡属１７种２变种可分成５组,其中不含香豆素的剌尖前胡和含Ⅲ类香豆素的紫花前胡及其变种最特殊,支持将它们分出前胡属的处理。     

一种新型的植物细胞结晶

高山芹Coelopleurum saxatile (Turcz.)Drude为大型多年生草本植物,茎粗而直立,不分枝,叶三回三出状羽裂。与苔藓植物混生于长白山高山冻原带的林缘处。其活体植物细胞内含有特殊类型的结晶,其化学性质属于草酸钙。因为这种结晶的形状不同于已报道过的任何一种结晶,因此,提出一种新型的细胞结晶——羽毛状结晶。     

高分辨裂解—气相色谱在前胡族系统分类中的应用

采用高分辨裂解－气相色谱法对前胡族（Peucedaneae Drude)20属35种植物的叶片成分进行分析,经过聚类分析得出以下结果：35种植物基本可分为3大类,对应于3个亚族。阿魏亚族（Ferulinae Drude)的球根阿魏属（Schumannia Kuntze)、伊犁芹属（Talassia Korov.)和簇花芹属（Soranthus Ledeb.)均应为独立属。环翅芹亚族（Tordyliinae Drude)的四带芹属[Tetrataenium(DC.)Manden.]和大瓣芹属（Semenovia Regel et Herd.)二者也作为独立属处理为宜,其中有争议的锐尖叶独活[Heracleum longilobum(Norman)Sheh et T.S.Wang]不应作为大瓣芹属成员,仍应保留于独活属。当归亚族（Angelicinae Drude)的山芎[Conioselinum chinense(L.)Britton]和东当归[Angelica acutiloba(Sieb.et Zucc.)Kitagawa]曾被作为阿米芹族（Ammineae Koch)的蛇床属（Cnidium Cuss.)或藁本属（Ligusticum L.)的成员,聚类图显示其属于前胡族的当归亚族是合适的。     

Insights into Stabilizing Forces in Amyloid Fibrils of Differing Sizes from Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Pathological aggregation of amyloid-forming proteins is a hallmark of a number of human diseases, including Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's, and more. Despite having very different primary amino acid sequences, these amyloid proteins form similar supramolecular, fibril structures that are highly resilient to physical and chemical denaturation. To better understand the structural stability of disease-related amyloids and to gain a greater understanding of factors that stabilize functional amyloid assemblies, insights into tertiary and quaternary interactions are needed. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on human tau, amyloid-β, and islet amyloid polypeptide fibrils to determine key physicochemical properties that give rise to their unique characteristics and fibril structures. These simulations are the first of their kind in employing a polarizable force field to explore properties of local electric fields on dipole properties and other electrostatic forces that contribute to amyloid stability. Across these different amyloid fibrils, we focused on how the underlying forces stabilize fibrils to elucidate the driving forces behind the protein aggregation. The polarizable model allows for an investigation of how side-chain dipole moments, properties of structured water molecules in the fibril core, and the local environment around salt bridges contribute to the formation of interfaces essential for fibril stability. By systematically studying three amyloidogenic proteins of various fibril sizes for key structural properties and stabilizing forces, we shed light on properties of amyloid structures related to both diseased and functional states at the atomistic level.     

近红外光谱分析在中国伞形科阿魏亚植物分类中的应用

探讨了近红外光谱分析技术在中国伞形科阿魏亚族植物分类中的应用。使用样本近红外光谱之间的有正切值作为聚类统计量,用最短距离法对１４种阿魏亚族植物样本的近红外光谱数据进行聚类分析,结果与传统植物学分类较为接近。     

基于psbA-trnH序列变异分析川明参属亲缘关系及分类地位

采用PCR直接测序法对伞形科(Apiaceae)前胡族(Trib.Peucedaneae)种类川明参(Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan)、泰山前胡〔Peucedanum wawrae(H.Wolff)Su〕和华中前胡(P.medicum Dunn)以及美味芹族(Trib.Smyrnieae)种类明党参(Changium smyrnioides H.Wolff)、宝兴棱子芹(Pleurospermum davidii Franch.)、丽江棱子芹(P.foetens Franch.)和鸡冠棱子芹(P.cristatum de Boiss.)的叶绿体基因组psbA-trnH片段进行了扩增测序,获得的序列已提交至GenBank,登录号为KF557756—KF557762。结合引自GenBank的前胡族阿魏属(Ferula Linn.)1种、大瓣芹属(Semenovia Regel et Herder)1种、当归属(Angelica Linn.)2种和美味芹族的舟瓣芹属(Sinolimprichtia H.Wolff)1种、羌活属(Notopterygium de Boiss.)1种、瘤果芹属(Trachydium Lindl.)1种以及针果芹族(Trib.Scandicineae)刺果芹〔Turgenia latifolia(Linn.)Hoffm.〕的psbA-trnH片段序列,对各种类的psbA-trnH片段信息进行分析;并以刺果芹为外类群构建了MP、ML和BI系统发育树。结果表明:川明参和明党参的psbA-trnH片段长度均为258 bp、GC含量均为23%,而其他种类的psbA-trnH片段长度为228~405 bp、GC含量为26%~35%;排序后psbA-trnH序列总长度为553 bp(包括空位),其中变异位点237个、信息位点178个。川明参与明党参间的相对遗传距离最小(仅为0.02),而川明参与其他种类间的相对遗传距离为0.10~1.34,且总体上川明参与美味芹族种类的相对遗传距离较小,表明川明参与明党参及美味芹族种类的亲缘关系较近。在3类系统树上,川明参与明党参均聚在一起,并与美味芹族的属种聚为一大支,而远离由前胡族属种构成的另一大支。结合外部形态和果实解剖结构特征,建议将川明参属(Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan)从前胡族中分出并置于美味芹族中,与明党参属(Changium H.Wolff)为姐妹类群。     

前胡族花粉外壁超微结构及其系统学意义

报道了前胡族(Peucedaneae Drude)当归亚族(Angelicinae Drude)、阿魏亚族(Ferulinae Drude)和环翅芹亚族(TordyliinaeDrude)等3亚族18属18种植物的花粉外壁表面和内部的超微结构.根据花粉外壁超微结构资料,论述了18种及其所在属的系统位置.对现时尚存疑的问题,诸如当归亚族中的山芹属(Ostericum Hoffm.)等7属(种),经分析认为统归于当归属(Angelica L.)不恰当;阿魏亚族中的球根阿魏(Schumannia turcomanica Kuntze)、伊犁芹(Talassiatransiliensis(Herd.)Korov.)、胀果芹(Phlojodicarpus villosus(Turcz.ex Fisch.et Mey.)Turcz.ex Ledeb.)等属的代表种显示其外壁演化程度相差甚大,应以与阿魏属(Ferula L.)分别独立为宜;环翅芹亚族(Tordyliinae Drude)中大瓣芹属(Semenovia Regel et Herd.)与独活属(Heracleum L.)的代表种其外壁演化程度相距甚远,也以分立为宜.     

Systematic relationships within and between Peucedanum and Angelica (Umbelliferae–Peucedaneae) inferred from immunological studies of seed proteins

 Immunochemical investigation of the seed storage proteins of some large genera in the tribe Peucedaneae (Umbelliferae) has clearly demonstrated the heterogeneity of Angelica and Peucedanum and the comparative homogeneity of Ferula. Among the taxa included in Angelica, Ostericum appears to be the most distant from the type species A. sylvestris, and should be treated as an independent genus. On the contrary, Archangelica is serologically similar to Angelica s. str. A rather complicated picture has been revealed within Peucedanum s. l. Serotaxonomical studies show a relationship pattern largely corresponding to the infrageneric classification of Thellung (1926). The splitting of satellite genera from Peucedanum s. l. is only partially supported. Received June 25, 2002; accepted October 3, 2002